construction of jaw crusher & cone crusher

Construction of Jaw Crusher and Cone Crusher

Jaw crushers and cone crushers are essential equipment in mining, quarrying, and aggregate production. Both serve the purpose of reducing large rocks into smaller fragments, but their construction and operational principles differ significantly. Understanding their design and working mechanisms helps in selecting the right equipment for specific crushing applications.

Jaw Crusher Construction

A jaw crusher consists of two vertical jaws—one fixed and one movable—that form a V-shaped crushing chamber. The fixed jaw remains stationary while the movable jaw exerts force on the rock by moving back and forth. Key components include:

1. Frame – The heavy-duty structure supports all other parts, typically made from cast steel or welded plates for durability.
2. Fixed Jaw Plate – Attached to the frame, this plate remains stationary during operation.
3. Movable Jaw Plate – Mounted on a pitman (eccentric shaft), it moves in an elliptical motion to crush material against the fixed jaw.
4. Eccentric Shaft – Drives the movement of the movable jaw through a motor and belt-pulley system.
5. Toggle Plate – Acts as a safety mechanism, preventing damage by breaking if excessive force is applied.
6. Flywheel – Balances energy fluctuations to ensure smooth operation.

Jaw crushers are ideal for primary crushing due to their high reduction ratio and ability to handle hard, abrasive materials like granite and basalt.

Cone Crusher Construction

Unlike jaw crushers, cone crushers operate on a gyratory principle where material is crushed between a rotating mantle and a concave bowl liner. The main components include:

1. Main Frame – Provides structural support, often constructed from heavy-duty steel casting or welded plates.
2. Mantle & Concave Liners – The mantle gyrates within the concave bowl, compressing rock into finer particles as it moves downward under gravity.
3. Eccentric Assembly – Drives the gyratory motion of the mantle via an eccentric bushing connected to the main shaft.
4. Hydraulic System – Adjusts the crusher setting (CSS) for different output sizes and provides overload protection by releasing pressure when uncrushable material enters the chamber.
5. Countershaft Assembly – Transmits power from the motor to the eccentric assembly through gears or belts